The Hazards of Radon Exposure
Radon poses a significant threat as it stands as the primary cause of lung cancer among non-smokers in the U.S. and takes the second position for smokers. Estimates attribute as much as 14% of lung cancer cases to radon exposure globally, with even higher percentages noted among those who smoke.
Both the Surgeon General and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) urge regular testing to detect elevated radon levels and recommend implementing mitigation strategies when necessary. Per the EPA’s guidelines, any radon concentration over 4 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) is considered hazardous and should be addressed. At 4 pCi/L, radon concentrations in indoor environments are tenfold compared to the outdoors. The World Health Organization also suggests taking remedial action for radon levels exceeding 2.7 pCi/L.
Technically, no amount of radon is deemed completely safe. Any exposure heightens the risk of cancer, with a reading of 1 pCi/L equating to smoking approximately 2.5 cigarettes daily. Each year, radon exposure results in an estimated 21,000 lung cancer-related deaths in the United States, surpassing fatalities from drunk driving incidents by over twice, drowning by four times, and house fires by eight times.
Understanding Radon
Radon, much like carbon monoxide, lacks both color and odor. This naturally occurring gas forms during uranium’s decay in rocks and soil. As it ascends to the surface, radon can become trapped within buildings such as homes or offices. In the United States, researchers measure radon in pCi/L of air.
You might be surprised to learn how common dangerous radon levels are. According to the EPA, about 1 in 15 U.S. homes exhibits elevated radon concentrations, with certain regions displaying even higher prevalence. Testing stands as the sole method to uncover its presence. Radon levels are significantly higher in the state of Colorado.
About Radon Testing
Want to know if your living or working space harbors unsafe levels of radon? The journey begins with testing. Testing for radon is a straightforward process. Some opt to purchase testing kits for personal use, or engaging companies specializing in radon detection, such as the Colorado Radon Company, to handle the process.
Regular Radon Testing: How Often is Necessary?
Regular testing is mandatory for certain establishments like multi-unit residences, in-home daycare centers, and retirement facilities, among others. For homeowners, regular radon tests should be a part of ongoing maintenance—akin to routine tasks like cleaning gutters or inspecting foundations for leaks. Experts suggest checking radon levels every two years to maintain safety. Additionally, certain situations prompt the need for a radon test:
- Real Estate Transactions: Prior to purchasing a home, conducting a radon test should be part of the standard procedure. Many states mandate radon testing during real estate transactions, often scheduled around home inspections.
- After Mitigation: The EPA recommends retesting every two years following mitigation system installation to ensure its effectiveness.
- Post-Remodeling: Remodeling, especially changes affecting HVAC systems or room layouts, may alter air circulation and necessitate new radon tests.
Mitigating Dangerous Radon Levels
When radon tests reveal concentrations above the EPA’s action level, you must consider radon mitigation. This process aims to lower radon presence in your home. Contact experts like the Colorado Radon Company for guidance.
The chosen mitigation approach depends on several factors, including the building’s foundation and structure.
- Foundation Considerations: Ideally, homes are built on gravel or porous materials to aid radon removal. Older constructions over solid ground, wet earth, or rock—being less porous—require more sophisticated solutions. Multiple systems might be necessary for homes with additional foundations or extensions.
- Building Structure: The framing and construction style dictates the mitigation system design. Typically, three to four-inch pipes channel radon to the roof, keeping pathways hidden within walls. For structures where direct routing isn’t feasible, ensuring airtight seals on pipe bends and connections is vital to prevent leakage.
Sealing Foundations and Reducing Radon
A lower home air pressure creates a vacuum effect, drawing radon indoors through foundation openings. While sealing cracks is part of mitigation, radon can enter through other means, like sump pumps. As a foundation ages, new entry points may form.
Research shows sealing alone offers limited, inconsistent reductions in radon levels. Combined with a robust mitigation system, however, it can be effective.
Costs of Minimizing Radon
Various factors affect radon mitigation costs, including home size and system design. Typically, these costs align with other home repair expenditures. Post-installation, utility bills may slightly increase due to fan operation, though many homeowners notice negligible differences in energy consumption.
Finding a Certified Radon Contractor
Many states require radon professionals to possess licenses, certifications, or registrations. Start by consulting state agencies overseeing air quality, as advised by the EPA. Ensure any chosen contractor fulfills these EPA-recommended requirements:
- Conducts pre-installation radon testing
- Installs warning devices for system failures
- Performs post-installation verification tests
- Holds relevant state certifications or recognized proficiency
- Provides bonding and insurance
- Adheres to state/local licensing demands, if applicable
Your proposal or contract should cover these points and assure that radon levels will drop below 4 pCi/L.
Take Action Against Radon Exposure
Radon exposure impacts build over time, potentially leading to lung cancer after prolonged contact, often with undetected symptoms. Regular testing is crucial for early detection, reducing risk before health repercussions manifest.
Start with a radon test, since this invisible danger cannot be sensed without testing. If troublesome levels arise, consider effective mitigation as a vital step in safeguarding health.